![]() The Watt steam engine was invented in Birmingham. ![]() Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation this provided an economic base for prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. By 1791, it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Historically a market town in Warwickshire in the medieval period, Birmingham grew during the 18th century during the Midlands Enlightenment and during the Industrial Revolution, which saw advances in science, technology and economic development, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. Distinctively, Birmingham only has small rivers flowing through it, mainly the River Tame and its tributaries River Rea and River Cole – one of the closest main rivers is the Severn, approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of the city centre. Located in the West Midlands region of England, approximately 100 miles (160 km) from London, Birmingham is considered to be the social, cultural, financial and commercial centre of the Midlands. ![]() Birmingham is commonly referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom. It is the largest UK metropolitan area outside of London. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper, 2.92 million in the West Midlands metropolitan county, and approximately 4.3 million in the wider metropolitan area. ![]() Birmingham ( / ˈ b ɜːr m ɪ ŋ ə m/ ( listen) BUR-ming-əm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. ![]()
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